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怎样用英语表示数字
在汉英笔译和英语写作中,经常会遇到数字;哪些场合用单词表示,哪些场合用阿拉伯数字表示,往往使人难以确定,现行语法书中也极少涉及此类问题。
实际上,以英语为母语的国家,在书写数字时已形成几条约定俗成的规则,现总结如下供读者参考。
( 1 )英美等国的出版社在排版时遵循一条原则,即 1 至 10 用单词表示, 10 以上的数目用阿拉伯数字(也有的以 100 为界限),这条原则值得我们行文时借鉴。 如:
That table measures ten feet by five .
那个工作台长 10 英尺,宽 5 英尺。
The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week.
由一个教授和十名学生每周会晤两三次,每次授课时间 45 到 50 分钟,是大学程度课堂教学的传统方式。
( 2 )人数目用阿技伯数字表示显得更简洁明了,但不定数量、近似值用单词表示较恰当。 如:
There are 203817 voters on the electoral rolls 。
选举名单上有 203817 个投票人。
Nearly thirty thousand voters took part in this election .
近 3 万个投票人参加了这次选举。
( 3 )遇到日期、百分比、带单位的特殊数字,通常用阿拉伯数字。如:
Maximum swivel of table is l20.
工作台的最大回转角度是 120 度。
又如:
①3rd March l991或 3 March l991 ; a discount of 5 percent ( 5% 的折扣);
② purchased 7 yards of carpet (买 7 码地毯);
③ ordered 2 pounds of minced steak (订购 2 磅剁碎的肉)。
如果涉及的数目和单位是不定数,可用单词表示,
如:① about five miles per hour (每小时大约 5 英里),
② at least ten yards away (至少有 10 码远),
③ hesitated for a moment or two (犹豫了片刻),
④ I have warned you a hundred times (我已经警告你多少遍了)。
( 4 )在科技文章中,数字频繁出现,用阿拉伯数字比用单词陈述更有利,如:
The new engine has a capacity of 4.3 litres and a power out-put of 153 kilowatts at 4400 revolutions per minute 。
这台新发动机的容积为 4.3 升,转速为每分钟 4400 转时输出功率是 153 千瓦。
We know that the weight of a cubic foot of air at 0 ℃, and 76cm , pressure is 0.08l pound, or 12 cubic feet of air weigh a pound.
我们知道, 1 立方英尺的空气在 0 摄氏度和 760 毫米汞柱压力下,重量是 0.81 磅,也就是说 12 立方英尺空气的重量是 1 磅。
(5) 句首不用阿拉伯数字,句末要尽量避免用阿拉伯数字 ,
4th July is an important date in American history.
应该写成 The fourth of July...
19 couples took part in the ballroom dancing competition.
19 对选手参加了交际舞
比赛。应改写成: Nineteen couples took …60 % profit was a reported .据报道有 60 %的利润。
应改写成: Sixty per cent profit …1345 kilograms force was applied at the center point of the bar ,试验时在杆的中点加 1345 公斤力。
可改成 When tested, a force of l345 kg was applied …
( 6 )遇到分数,可用带连字符号的单词表示,如:
At 1east two-thirds of the class have had colds. 这个班至少有三分之二的学生患重感冒。
Nitrogen forms about four-fifths of the atmosphere. 氮约占大气的五分之四。
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